Effect of Gegen Qinliantang on Structure of Intestinal Flora in Dysbacterial Diarrhea Rats Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Gegen Qinliantang （GQT） on the structure of intestinal flora in dysbacterial diarrhea rats by 16S rRNA sequencing. Method:Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly and equally divided into a control group， a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose GQT groups， and a Bifidobiogen group. The rat model was induced in the five groups except the control group by administration of mixed antibiotics （178.6 mg·kg^-1 cefradine and 31.25 mg·kg^-1gentamicin sulfate） according to the dose. Drug intervention was carried out in each group （7.02， 3.51， and 1.755 g·kg^-1 GQT for the high-， medium-， and low-dose GQT groups， 0.125 g·kg^-1 bifidobacterium capsules for the Bifidobiogen group， and sterile distilled water for the control and model groups） with a volume of 10 mL·kg^-1 for seven days. Colon contents of rats were obtained under anesthesia. The extracted fecal DNA underwent 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and the results were analyzed. Result:GQT was proved capable of adjusting the species number and Alpha and Beta diversity， improving the biological richness and diversity of the flora， and positively regulating three differential phyla （Firmicutes， Proteobacteria， and Bacteroidetes） and 14 differential genera （<italic>Bacteroides</italic>，<italic> Parabacteroides</italic>，<italic> Blautia</italic>， etc.） in rat model of dysbacterial diarrhea. Conclusion:The present study confirmed the regulatory effect of GQT on intestinal flora of dysbacterial diarrhea rats， and revealed the physiological and pathological mechanism between intestinal flora and dysbacterial diarrhea.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 is highly expressed in glioma tissues and promotes invasion of glioblastoma cells

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18) in human glioma tissues and effects of CCL18 on U251 glioma cells. Materials and Methods: By using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunochemically histological staining, we determined the mRNA and protein levels of CCL18 in tissues of 60 patients with World Health Organization (WHO) Grades II, III and IV glioma and the normal brain. Cultured U251 glioma cells were incubated with CCL18 and then subjected to transwell. The scratch wound-healing and cell count kit (CCK-8) assays were performed to detect the possible effects of CCL18 on the cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. Results: In the tissues of the normal brain (n = 10), glioma Grade II (n = 26), III (n = 18), and IV (n = 16), CCL18 mRNA expression levels were 1.00 ± 0.09, 6.02 ± 1.26, 26.35 ± 3.98, and 112.21 ± 13.25 fold, respectively (P < 0.01); the percentage of CCL18-positive glioma cells was 0%, 58.8%, 70.0%, and 100% in the normal brain, glioma WHO Grade II, III, and IV, respectively (P < 0.01). Different concentrations of CCL18 (0, 5, and 10 ng/ml) enhanced the of U251 glioma cell invasion in 24 h transwell assays [from 43.5 ± 8.3 to 202.0 ± 18.5 and 279.7 ± 18.6 cells (P < 0.01)], increased the cell migration quantified by comparing the areas of the scratch (pixel) [at 12 h, 498.4 ± 75.3, 381.3 ± 21.4, and 347.7 ± 14.2; at 24 h, 299.5 ± 15.3, 284.6 ± 7.8, and 237.3 ± 20.6 (P < 0.05)], and significantly increased the cell growth in CCK-8 assay [from 1.000 ± 0.019–1.260 ± 0.094 and 2.070 ± 0.138 fold in CCL18, respectively (n = 20/each group) (P < 0.01)]. Conclusion: We have found that CCL18 is highly expressed in glioma tissues and enhances the invasion, migration, and proliferation of U251 glioma cells. Therefore, CCL18 may be a potential biomarker for detecting and grading human glioma

Effect of Yangzheng Sanjie Decoction on Proliferation, Apoptosis and ERK Pathway of Human Gastric Cancer MKN-45 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yangzheng Sanjie decoction on proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway of human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells.Method: Gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 was treated for 24, 48, 72 h with Yangzheng Sanjie decoction (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 g·L-1); cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); cell colony forming ability was observed by the plate cloning experiment after intervention with Yangzheng Sanjie decoction (0.4, 0.8 g·L-1); MKN-45 cells was treated with 4, 8 g·L-1, and then cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; the expression of ERK and its phosphorylation level were detected by Western blot assay after treatment with 2, 4, 8 g·L-1.Result: Compared with the blank group, Yangzheng Sanjie decoction could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MKN-45 cells. After treatment for 24, 48 h, Yangzheng Sanjie decoction started from 2 g·L-1, and after treatment for 72 h, it started from 1.5 g·L-1, the cell viability gradually decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (PPP-1, cell colonies could not be formed; the apoptosis rate of Yangzheng Sanjie decoction was significantly higher than that of the blank group (PP-1, and the phosphorylation level of ERK protein in MKN-45 cells was down-regulated (PConclusion: Yangzheng Sanjie decoction can inhibit the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 and promote its apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK.

Relationship between Tissue Distributions of Modified Wuzi Yanzong Prescription () in Rats and Meridian Tropism Theory / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between tissue distributions of modified Wuzi Yanzong prescription (, MWP) in rats and meridian tropism theory.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A high-performance liquid chromatography with Fourier transform-mass spectrometry (HPLC-FT) method was used to identify the metabolites of MWP in different tissues of rats after continued oral administration of MWP for 7 days. The relationship between MWP and meridian tropism theory was studied according to the tissue distributions of the metabolites of MWP in rats and the relevant literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen metabolites, mainly flavanoid compounds, were detected in the different rat tissues and classified to each herb in MWP. Further, it was able to establish that the tissue distributions of the metabolites of MWP were consistent with the descriptions of meridian tropism of MWP available in literature, this result might be useful in clarifying the mechanism of MWP on meridian tropism. In the long run, these data might provide scientific evidence of the meridian tropism theory to further promote the reasonable, effective utilization, and modernization of Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The tissue distributions of MWP in vivo were consistent with the descriptions of meridian tropism of MWP.</p>

Study of effect of Humifuse Euphorbia Herb on alleviating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic model KK-Ay mice / 中国中药杂志

[To explore the effect of Humifuse Euphorbia Herb ( HEH) on alleviating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. Totally 40 KK-Ay mice fed with high-fat diet were divided into four groups: the metformin group, the model group, the HEH low-dose group and the HEH high-dose group, and orally administrated with metformin hydrochloride (250 mg x kg(-1)), distilled water, humifuse euphorbia herb 1 g x kg(-1) and 2 g x kg(-1). Besides, C57BL/6J mice with ordinary feed were taken as the normal control group and orally administrated with equal distilled water. The oral administration for the five groups lasted for eight weeks. Before and after the experiment, weight, fasting glucose and insulin tolerance were determined. The morphological changes in pancreas were observed through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining on pancreatic tissue sections. The serum insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin (ADPN) and leptin (LEP) were detected by ELISA. The results showed that HEH could reduce weight and fasting glucose in KK-Ay mice, alleviate hyperinsulinemia, reduce blood glucose-time AUC, increase 30-min blood glucose decline rate, relieve insulin resistance, significantly ameliorate the pathomorphological changes in pancreas in each group, decrease serum TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin levels in KK-Ay mice and rise serum ADPN level. This study proved that humifuse euphorbia herb can ameliorate the insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice, and its mechanism may be related to the effect on inflammatory factors and adipocytokines.

Effects of Down-regulating PPP2R5C Expression on Expression Profile of TAL1-related Regulating Genes in Jurkat Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on our previous study showing the inhibition of lenkemia T cell proliferation by down-regulating PPP2R5C expression, this study was aimed to analyze the influence of down-regulating PPP2R5 expression via RNA interference on genes relatied with TAL1 signaling pathway by using gene chip technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PPP2R5C-siRNA799 was transduced into Jurkat cells by nucleofection, the total RNA was isolated from treated Jurkat cells after culture for 48 hours; the target sequences were prepared by revevse transcription after mRNA purification, and were hybridized with affymetrix gene expression profile chip 3' IVT. The original image data were collected using affymetrix gene chip scanner 3 000, and the gene expression profile was analyzed using gene spring GX 11.0 soflware.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of all 26 genes related with TAL1 signaling pathway was changed, out of which the expression of 15 genes were up-regulated and the expression of 11 genes was down-regulated in PPP2R5C-siRNA 799-transfected Jurkat cells. The genes with significantly up-regulated expression were GATA1, TCF4, XRCC6 and TCF3, while the genes with significantly down-regulated expression were SIN3A and RUNX1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down-regulation of PPP2R5C gene expression in Jurkat cells via RNA interference to a certain degree can inhibit TAL1 signaling pathway genes, thereby suppresses the proliferation of Jurkat cells.</p>

Overexpression of eIF4E gene in acute myeloid leukemia and its relation with disease progression / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to detect the expression level of eIF4E gene in patients with non-treated, remission and non-remission/relapse acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other non-malignant haematologic diseases so as to analyze and reveal the relationship of eIF4E gene expression with AML progression. SYBR Green I RT-PCR was used to assay the expression level of eIF4E mRNA extracted from bone marrow mononuclear cells in 30 patients with AML (6 in M2, 5 in M3, 8 in M4, 10 in M5, 1 in M6) and 20 patients with non-malignant hematologic diseases. The β2-microglubin(β2M) was used as internal reference and the formula 2(-ΔCt)×100% was applied to calculate the expression level of eIF4E gene. The results showed that the eIF4E expression level (7.098 ± 5.544)% in patients with non-treated and non-remitted/relapsed AML was significantly higher than that in patients with remission (0.964 ± 0.312)% (P < 0.01) and non-malignant hematologic diseases (0.248 ± 0.163)% (P < 0.01). There was no difference between latter two group patients, even though the expression level of eIF4E gene in patients with M4 and M5 was higher. As compared with non-malignant hematologic diseases, the expression level of eIF4E gene of patients with remission patients showed no significant difference. It is concluded that the over-expression of eIF4E gene has been found in patients with AML, and its level obviously decreases along with remission of disease, thus the eIF4E gene may be a surveillance parameter for disease progression.

Evaluation on the effect of comprehensive control strategy of schistosomiasis with emphasis on infection source control in Anhui province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of comprehensive control strategy of schistosomiasis with emphasis on infection source control in Anhui province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty endemic villages in Guichi district, Chizhou city, Anhui province were selected as national pilot villages in the years from 2006 to 2008, and another 10 provincial pilot villages were respectively selected from 10 highly endemic villages in 7 cities in 2007. The comprehensive infection source control measures, including "replace cattle with machines", "raise livestock in pens", "improve the sanitary toilets", "supply safe water " and so on were carried out among the above pilot villages. At the end of 2008, 13 national pilot villages and 6 provincial pilot villages were selected to investigate the popularity of schistosomiasis, and the effect of the comprehensive control strategy in those villages were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After implementing the comprehensive control strategy, the infectious rate of schistosomiasis in national pilot villages decreased from 4.57% (487/10 659) to 1.76% (147/8370), with the reduction rate at 61.49%, whose difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 115.16, P < 0.01); and the density of infected snails decreased from 0.0067/0.1 m(2) to 0.0008/0.1 m(2), the infectious rate of snails decreased from 0.28% to 0.04%, whose reduction rates were 88.06% and 85.71% respectively. While as to the provincial pilot villages, the infectious rate of schistosomiasis decreased from 1.27% (54/4254) to 0.21% (14/6592), with the reduction rate at 83.46%, whose difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 94.57, P < 0.01); and the density of infected snails decreased from 0.0025/0.1 m(2) to 0.0003/0.1 m(2), the infection rate of snails decreased from 0.13% to 0.05%, whose reduction rates were 88.00% and 61.54% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comprehensive control strategy with emphasis on infection source control implemented in marshland and lake regions can effectively control the transmission of schistosomiasis.</p>

Effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of paraquat-induced lung injury / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) in the treatment of lung injury caused by acute paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen patients with lung injury caused by acute paraquat poisoning, who were admitted to Guangzhou No. 12 People's Hospital from December 2008 to December 2012, were divided into HUCMSC group (n = 5) and control group (n = 8). All patients received conventional treatment, while the HUCMSC group was treated with HUCMSCs as an addition. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) system, which was created by the Infection Section of European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II were used to acquire the SOFA scores of patients. The lung injury was evaluated with lung injury score (LIS). The two groups were compared with respect to maximum SOFA scores at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 15 days after paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HUCMSC group showed significantly lower maximum SOFA scores than the control group at 15d after poisoning (1.80 ± 2.05 vs 13.50 ± 7.59, P < 0.05). The LISs of the HUCMSC group after treatment (0.45 ± 0.27) were significantly lower than those of the HUCMSC group before treatment (1.15 ± 0.34) and those of the control group after treatment (2.94 ± 1.20) (P < 0.01). In the HUCMSC group, all patients survived, and they complained no discomfort and showed normal liver, kidney, and lung functions in reexamination; one patient showed incompletely absorbed shadow in the posterior segment of the left lower lobe of the lung during lung CT scan, and no abnormal findings were seen in other patients. In the control group, one patient survived, and others died. No adverse reactions, such as chill and fever, were presented in the HUCMSC group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HUCMSCs show promise for clinical application in the treatment of lung injury caused by acute paraquat poisoning.</p>

The experimental study of suppressing silicosis fibrosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference of effects on SiO(2)-induced alveolitis and early fibrosis between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal-like stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF and to explore the mechanism of this effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Primary BM-MSCs from Wistar male young rats were cultured and labeled by 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group (10 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected PBS via the tail vein; BM-MSCs group (20 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected with 1 ml suspension of BM-MSCs via the tail vein; pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSC group (20 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected with 1 ml suspension of BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF via the tail vein. On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, half of the animals were sacrificed, respectively, and the lungs were harvested for frozen section to observe the cell marked by DAPI. HE staining under a fluorescent microscope, and to observe the pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining under a light microscope. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of HGF in rat lungs. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in pulmonary tissues were analyzed quantitatively by ELISA. The contents of HYP in pulmonary tissues were analyzed quantitatively by sample hydrolysis method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the scores of pulmonary alveolitis and early fibrosis in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 2.36 ± 0.17, 2.8 ± 0.14 and 0.1 ± 0.11, 1.16 ± 0.13, which were significantly lower than those (1.68 ± 0.17, 1.58 ± 0.31 and 0.54 ± 0.15, 1.36 ± 0.13) in BM-MSCs group, also which were significantly lower those (2.36 ± 0.17, 2.80 ± 0.14 and 0.64 ± 0.09, 1.84 ± 0.17) in model group (P < 0.05); On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the TNF-α contents of pulmonary tissues in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 280.4 ± 23.11 and 249.78 ± 22.33 pg/mg, which were significantly lower than those (341.58 ± 35.34, 442.29 ± 36.76 pg/mg and 319.51 ± 17.84, 348.53 ± 33.95 pg/mg) in BM-MSCs and model groups (P < 0.05); On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the HYP contents of pulmonary tissues in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.65 ± 0.05 µg/mg, which were significantly lower than those (0.63 ± 0.04, 1.04 ± 0.07 µg/mg and 0.72 ± 0.60, 1.39 ± 0.60 µg/mg) in BM-MSCs and model groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF on suppressing pulmonary alveolitis and early fibrosis induced by SiO2 were better than those of BM-MSCs. The mechanism may be associated with the reduced pulmonary inflammation.</p>

Investigating the treatment of silicosis with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and curative effects of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital, and ten patients with silicosis who had given written consent were enrolled in this study. BMSCs isolated from 100 ml of bone marrow for each case were purified and cultured. In each case the 3rd generation of qualified BMSCs (5 × 10(7)) were intravenously administered weekly for 3 weeks. Three cases among 10 patients were treated with BMSCs modified by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene. The clinical symptoms, chest films, chest CT, pulmonary functions, T cells, serum IgG and ceruloplasmin (CP) were observed in 6 or 9 months after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No obvious sub-effect was observed in cases treated with BMSCs, the clinical symptoms (such as cough, sputum and chest tightness) basically disappeared in 9 months after treatment. Pulmonary function tests showed that FVC increased from 71.2% ± 17.0% to 84.0% ± 10.9% (P < 0.01) and FEV1.0 increased from 67.5% ± 17.7% to 80.6% ± 14.9% (P < 0.01). The levels of serum CP and IgG significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Further, the chest films and CT in cases treated with autologous BMSCs modified by HGF gene were improved to different extent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment with autologous BMSCs modified by HGF gene exhibit a beneficial effect on silicosis.</p>

Hepatocyte growth factor combined with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of silicosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the potential role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) autograft for the treatment of silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow (100 ml) was aspirated from a severe silicosis patient. BMSCs isolated, purified and cultured in vitro. When BMSC came to 70% confluence at passage 3, the culture medium was added liposomes (lipo2000) and plasmid-HGF (p-HGF) and cultured for 2 d. HGF-MSCSs (5 × 10(7) cells) were resuspended in 50 ml 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) and infused Intravenous drip at 3 consecutive times (once a week). Clinical follow-up were performed before and after treatment: (1) pulmonary high-kV X-ray, chest CT examination; (2) pulmonary function test; (3) determination of serum ceruloplasmin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The symptoms such as coughing, chest tightness disappeared at 12 months after treatment. Pulmonary function tests showed significant changes after treatment: forced vital capacity (FVC) increased from 64.6% to 81.0%, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1.0)) increased from 68.7% to 90.1%, 1 second rate (FEV(1.0)/FVC%) reduced from 111.6% to 107.1%, the maximum mid-expiratory flow (FEF(25%∼75%) decreased from 100.2% to 94.6%, forced expiratory vital capacity 75% of the moment bit of gas flow (MEF(75%)) increased from 99.2% to 113.5%, forced expiratory vital capacity 50% of the moment bit of gas flow (MEF(50%)) increased from 125.3% to 130.2%, forced expiratory vital capacity 25% of the moment bit of gas flow (MEF(25%)) reduced from 86.9% to 71.7%; serum ceruloplasmin levels decreased from 690 mg/L to 180.6 mg/L; lung high-kV X-ray at 1st review showed that diffuse lung nodules had been absorbed and getting smaller than before treatment; chest CT showed that the distribution and number of small nodules at double lung fields decreased than before treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HGF combined with BMSC transplantation may have some potential role for the treatment of silicosis patients.</p>

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of Pu'er tea extract on the regulation of metabolic syndrome / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the regulative efficacy of Pu'er tea () extract on metabolic syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, the intervention group administered with Pu'er tea extract, and the placebo group with placebo capsules. After 3 months' treatment, body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood lipids, blood sugar, immune and inflammatory index, and oxidation index of the patients with metabolic syndrome were tested and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the intervention group, the body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B-100 all decreased in the patients with metabolic syndrome, and also the high-density lipoprotein level increased and apolipoprotein A-1 showed the tendency to increase. Serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were decreased in the intervention group. Interleukin-10 level was increased, MDA was decreased and superoxide dismutase was increased. Compared with before treatment and the placebo group, there were significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pu'er tea demonstrated excellent potential in improving central obesity, adjusting blood lipid, lowering blood sugar, regulating immunity and resisting oxidation. It can adjust the metabolic syndrome of different clinical phenotypes to different degrees, and is ideally fit for early prevention of metabolic syndrome.</p>

Comparison of cost between two ways of skin grafting in the treatment of patients with extensive deep burn / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the economic significance of Meek skin grafting and automicrografting combined with large piece of allogenous skin (micrografting in brief) in the treatment of patients with extensive deep burn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four patients with extensive deep burn admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College were divided into Meek skin grafting group and micrografting group, with 12 patients in each group. Statistical comparison between Meek skin grafting group and micrografting group in respect of wound healing time, consumption of each special dressing, total cost of hospitalization, rehabilitation cost during convalescence was made. Then the cost and effect value was compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound healing time, consumption of each special dressing, total cost of hospitalization and rehabilitation cost in Meek skin grafting group was (14.4 +/- 1.9) d, yen(16 590 +/- 521), yen(421 628 +/- 145), yen(39 571 +/- 225), respectively, and that in micrografting group was (25.6 +/- 4.2) d, yen (136 441 +/- 356), yen(539 526 +/- 686), yen(55 853 +/- 794), respectively. The difference between two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In a definite range of burn size, Meek skin grafting has a lower therapeutic cost and better therapeutic effects as compared with micrografting.</p>

Study on the quantified indices to describe the distributional status of diseases in the spatial point pattern analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the quantified indices for describing the distributional status of diseases in the spatial point pattern analysis, and provide the a statistic in disease prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>G function, F function, J function and K function were summarized based on the inter-case distances from the view of spatial point pattern analysis. Through the introduction of the basic principles, these were used to analyze the data of acute schistosomiasis in the Guichi District, Chizhou City, Anhui province, with the study distances being from 0 to 3000 meters with 50-meter intervals. The findings were also validated by means of spatial moving scan window performed in SaTScan software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 83 cases of acute schistosomiasis identified in Guichi District, and the point map showed that these cases were mainly distributed around the Yangtze and Qiupu rivers. The computational methods and characteristics of the four quantified indices were obtained. These acute schistosomiasis cases were also explored by using these indices, and the results showed that C and K functions were above 95% confidence interval. While, F and J functions were below 95% confidence interval. Ml these four indices showed that spatial clustering existed in the acute cases, which was consistent with the results of spatial moving scan window method. The latter method also found a most likely cluster, the coordinate of the circle center is (30.65 N, 117.44 E), radius is 2.69 km, and relative risk is 12.78 (DIR = 32. 80, P = 0. 0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quantified indices to describe the distributional status of diseases have not only solved the obstacle that spatial point pattern map which could only be analyzed qualitatively, but also supplied a theoretical foundation to deepen spatial clustering analysis.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the quantified indices for describing the distributional status of</p>

Comparison of the burn wound and diabetic ulcer wound / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference between the burn wound and diabetic ulcer wound, and to preliminarily analyze the nonhealing mechanism of diabetic unclear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The tissue of foot ulcer of diabete patients and skin wound tissues from burn patients were harvested. The levels of (FGF)2 and VEGF in the wound tissues were determined after tissue cultivation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in micro-vascular density (MVD) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in medium containing different components, and divided into following groups: A (with treatment of 5 mmol/L glucose for 7 days), B (with treatment of 30 mmol/L glucose for 7 days) and C (with treatment of 30 mmol/L Mannitol for 7 days) groups, then the level of VEGF protein was determined by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of FGF2 and VEGF protein in the burn wound were (59 +/- 3) ng/ml and (56 +/- 7) pg/ml, respectively, which were obviously lower than those in diabetic ulcer wound [(89 +/- 6) ng/ml, (108 +/- 5) pg/ml, P < 0.05]. There was also obvious difference in MVD between two kinds of wound (P < 0.05). The level of VEGF protein in both wounds were similar after the addition of FGF2 to the cell culture in vitro, while there were statistically significant difference 2 and 5 days after removal of FGF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nonhealing mechanism of diabetic ulcer wound may be related to the inhibition of vacuolation and low expression of factors controlling vessel growth.</p>

Linear models for predicting of Oncomelania hupensis in the lake and marsh regions / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prediction model of O. hupensis in the lake and marshland regions in order to provide methodological basis for quantitative study of O. hupensis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The research sites were randomly selected from the bottomlands along Qiupu River in the Guichi District, Anhui Province. A random and stratified sampling method was administrated according to the type of vegetation; the frame size of snail survey was 0.11 m2. Snail data was collected by crosscheck-random sampling inspection survey. Elevation, soil temperature and air temperature, height of vegetation, soil humidity and types of vegetation were measured through GPS machine, T&D Recorder for Windows, tape measure and attemperator. All the data were doubly inputted into the computer and checked. The final dataset for developing the prediction model was set up after necessary data preprocessing, such as, recoding the variable of elevation. The generalized linear models were used to develop the prediction model, and the statistics of deviance and AIC were used to determine the best model structure. Model diagnostics and model evaluation of efficiency were performed with the determined best model structure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sample size was 162, and there were 6 explanatory variable including 2 categorical variables and 4 quantitative variables. A complicated relationship was observed among all the variables. Snail was positively associated with height of vegetation (r = 0.36), while negatively associated with soil humidity (r = - 0.22), and the air temperature had a close positive relations with soil temperature (r = 0.59), and the soil temperature was negatively associated with height of vegetation (r = - 0.36), the soil humidity had negative relations with the soil and air temperature (r = -0.34 and -0.12). The best structure fitting for the liner model selected in gamma distribution was the error distribution, reciprocal as the conjunction function in mathematics, and the mean square as the variance function. The results showed that the elevation, soil humidity, soil temperature, types and the height of vegetation were statistically significant to predict the O. hupensis, while t-values were -3.202, 3.124, -1.989, 2.668 and -2.371, respectively, and P-values were 0.00166, 0.00214, 0.04849, 0.00846 and 0.01897 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The generalized linear models can be used to develop the predictive model, which could broaden the area of quantitative study for O. hupensis.</p>

Effect of modified wuzi yanzong granule on patients with mild cognitive impairment from oxidative damage aspect / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of modified Wuzi Yanzong Granule (WYG) on memory function and the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rate and beta-amyloid protein(1-28) (A beta(1-28)) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six patients with MCI were selected based on the internationally recognized Petersen's criteria, and equally and randomly assigned to two groups. The treated group was treated with WYG and the control group was treated with placebo for 3 months. In addition, 20 healthy subjects were included in the study as the normal control group. Changes of memory function, SOD activity, MDA content, leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and A beta(1-28) content were observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the memory quotient and SOD activity in patients with MCI decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while MDA, A beta(1-28) levels and the leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate increased significantly (P < 0.01). After treatment, levels of memory quotient and serum SOD activity increased while the serum MDA level, leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and A beta(1-28) level decreased in the treated group compared with those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). Meanwhile, leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and A beta(1-28) content in the treated group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>WYG could improve memory function in patients with MCI and the therapeutic mechanism is possibly related to the increased activity of anti-oxidase, the improved free radical metabolism and the alleviation of leukocyte mtDNA oxidation damage. WYG shows clinical significance in delaying the progression of MCI.</p>

Study on anti-tumor effect of dry and fresh Gekko swinhonis freeze-dried powders on mice sarcoma S180 and acute toxicity testing of two powders / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-tumor activity of dry Gekko swinhonis freeze-dried powder (DGFP) and fresh G. swinhonis freeze-dried powder (FGFP) on mice sarcoma S180 and acute toxicity testing of the two powders.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mice xenotransplant model of sarcoma S180 was established. Eighty mice were randomly divided into 8 groups. Control group were orally administrated by saline, another intraperitoneally injected with 5-Fu, the other six groups were orally administrated by DGFP and FGFP, each at three different doses (low, moderate and high). Rate of restraining tumor, index of thymus and spleen were calculated after 10 days' treatment. Acute toxicity testing tried to figure out LDs and LD, of DGFP and FGFP.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The restraining tumor rates of DGFP and FGFP each at three doses were 31.4%, 50.8%, 37.7% and 14.8%, 19.1%, 54.7%. DGFP and FGFP elevated the thymic weight and thymic index of the mice to different extent. There were no significant differences among the eight groups in their spleen weight and spleen index. Acute toxicity testing did not figure out LD50 of DGFP and FGFP. In LD0 test, the administrating dosages of DGFP and FGFP given to the mice were both more than 2000 times than those given to patients on clinic. The result showed nothing abnormal in DGFP group. Compared with the DGFP and control group there was only a significant body weight decrease (P < 0.01) in the FGFP group in the first three days. However, on the fifth day and the seventh day there was no significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DGFP and FGFP have conspicuous anti-tumor effects in vivo. The mechanism may be related to the elevated cellular immune function. Acute toxicity testing reveals that DGFP and FGFP are quite safe for conventional oral use on clinic.</p>

Establishment of an undifferential orchitis model in rats and changes of spermatogenic epithelium / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes of rat testicular spermatogenic epithelium stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with pyrogen-free saline (1 ml/kg) and the experimental group was injected ip with saline containing LPS (1 mg/kg) once every two days. Two groups were operated after ten days in order to investigate the testicular pathological changes by HE staining and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA), alpha-catenin in spermatogenic epithelium by immunohistochemistry assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The testes of the experimental group showed inflammatory changes. The positive expression of PCNA in seminiferous epithelium was significantly lower than that of control group. The number of positive cells in every seminiferous, in which only spermatogonia were stained in experimental group were 59 +/- 5 and it showed significant decrease compared with the control (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the percentage of such seminiferous tubules was 0.673 +/- 0.054 and increased apparently (P < 0.01). The expression of alpha-catenin in testicular tissue of the experimental group declined (P < 0.01), and cellular positive granular light density was 0.150 +/- 0.014.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ability of spermatogonium proliferation and the function of conglutination of cells under inflammatory condition of the testes declined, which may be one of the etiologies of male infertility.</p>